Topics in Clinical Biosecurity: Vaccines

Listed below are all CBN articles on Vaccines published since 2005

• 09-12-2018: Early Vaccinations and Waning Immunity Create Dilemma for Flu Season A review describe rates of waning immunity in a single season among individuals vaccinated against seasonal influenza using the traditional inactivated vaccine.
• 04-13-2018: Monkeypox: Spread in Nonendemic Countries Report on the reemergence of monkeypox in Nigeria after a nearly 40-year absence. The disease has been facilitated by the ending of routine smallpox vaccination
• 03-13-2018: Modeling Smallpox in 2018: The Role of the Immunosuppressed Population If smallpox ever recurs, the Increasing percentage of immunocompromised Individuals could both amplify the death rate and complicate vaccination strategies.
• 01-05-2018: Culture-Negative Septic Shock: Equally Deadly New research shows that the cause of sepsis is often unclear but the outcome is similar whether cultures are positive or not.
• 12-01-2017: The Role of Parainfluenza Viruses in Severe Respiratory Infections A new study suggests that parainfluenza viruses might play a most important role in serious illness than previously recognized.
• 11-17-2017: Herd Immunity: Keeping Zika at Bay, For Now Zika infection rates appear to have ebbed, a new study reveals that Zika’s extraordinary trajectory may explain its diminished ability to cause new infections.
• 11-01-2017: The Ascent of H7N9 The H7N9 avian influenza virus has now caused more human cases than H5N1 and tops CDC’s list of potential pandemic threats.
• 10-20-2017: Anticipating a Severe Flu Season While the flu season in this hemisphere has yet to fully commence, there are important signals that it may be severe.
• 07-08-2016: Yellow Fever: A Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Disease Emergency Large outbreaks of yellow fever are occurring in Africa with cases being exported around the world. There is an effective vaccine, just not enough of it.
• 05-27-2016: Zika and Solid Organ Transplantation: Expert Guidance When an emerging infectious disease becomes endemic, we cope with it differently. Transplant surgery is uniquely attuned to the risk of infections.
• 05-13-2016: Tetanus-Diphtheria Boosters: Is 10 Years Too Soon to Boost? A new study demonstrates nearly lifelong immunity to tetanus and decades-long immunity to diphtheria after the initial vaccination series.
• 03-18-2016: Quantifying the Impact of the Unvaccinated A new literature review reveals that most cases of measles in the US can be attributed to lack of vaccination and most of that was for nonmedical reasons.
• 02-05-2016: Severe H1N1 Influenza: Still a Risk The CDC has been notified of severe flu infections in young to middle-aged adults, some of whom died. Rapid antigen diagnostic testing was negative in some.
• 11-06-15: Diminishing Returns with Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination? A new study shows limited incremental reduction in nosocomial influenza infections when healthcare worker vaccination rates exceed 50%.
• 09-18-2015: More Evidence for Herd Protection of the Elderly Herd protection is a real phenomenon that has great potential to change the face of vaccine-preventable diseases.
• 09-04-2015: The Indirect Protection of Pneumococcal Vaccines Study shows that the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults correlates with the pneumococcal vaccination rates in children living near them.
• 12-19-2014: Preparing for Influenza: An H3N2 Season with a Vaccine Mismatch The predominance of H3N2 this year and the mismatch of the H3N2 component of this year’s vaccine are driving this concern.
• 07-03-2014: Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Childhood Diseases The CDPH reported on an ongoing epidemic of pertussis. A total of 1,100 new cases have been reported in the 2 weeks ending June 24, 2014.
• 03-07-2014: Mumps Outbreak at Fordham University Several vaccine-preventable diseases are reappearing, seemingly as a result of waning immunity, lax attitudes about vaccination, and importations from abroad.
• 10-25-2013: Fifth Type of Dengue Discovered Now, a 5th strain of Dengue has been discovered, which raises many questions and may make vaccine development even more difficult.
• 02-22-2013: Influenza Vaccine Efficacy: As Low as 31%? Influenza prevention relies most on annual flu vaccines, which have 60% efficacy rate even when well matched to circulating strains.
• 11-09-2012: CIDRAP Report Calls for Novel Influenza Vaccine A report by CIDRAP provides a detailed review of the status of influenza vaccine in the US and calls into question the efficacy of currently available vaccines.
• 07-22-2011: Can Systems Biology Improve Influenza Immunization Practice? With a systems biology approach, the changes that occur after vaccination can be studied to identify specific alterations that predict response to vaccination.
• 05-06-2011: Absence of Smallpox "Take" May Not Indicate Revaccination Failure This study demonstrates that it is not necessary to recall those without a take, even without of evidence at the vaccination site.
• 10-22-2010: Universal Flu Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel: A Patient Safety Issue HHS developed an action plan to prevent healthcare-associated infections through influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel.
• 05-28-2010: Universal Vaccines: Hope for the Future The authors assert the importance of universal vaccines for control of infectious diseases and call for further development.
• 04-30-2010: 1976 Swine Flu Vaccination and 2009 H1N1 It is well established that the 2009 H1N1 virus affected younger people disproportionally and that older people are more likely to have immunity to the virus.
• 03-03-2010: ACIP Endorses Universal Flu Vaccination ACIP voted unanimously to recommend that the entire US population receive annual influenza vaccination, with the exception of children under 6 months of age.
• 12-16-2009: International Progress in Vaccine Development and Distribution Shortly after the detection of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, the U.S. and other governments decided to develop vaccine against this novel influenza virus.
• 11-13-2009: Licensure, Evaluation, and Adverse Event Monitoring of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine In response to the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, public health officials have initiated the first mass vaccination campaign in more than 3 decades
• 09-15-2009: Single-Dose Vaccination for the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A Virus Vaccination strategy for the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic has been premised on the assumption that 2 doses of vaccine will be needed
• 07-02-2009: High-dose Influenza Vaccination of the Elderly Despite high vaccination rates, the elderly disproportionately bear the burden of seasonal influenza morbidity and mortality.
• 04-29-2009: Its Harm and Its Remedy in Outbreaks Like Swine Flu History teaches that disease outbreaks can lead to social casualties, not just medical ones. Swine flu is no exception.
• 03-20-2009: 3rd Generation Smallpox Vaccine LC16m8 Proved Safe and Immunogenic The JAMA published a study conducted by a team of Japanese researchers who vaccinated more than 3,000 Japanese military personnel from 2002-2005 with LC16m8.
• 01-08-2009: Update on Smallpox Vaccine In the past few years, there have been several updates to the smallpox vaccine armamentarium. These developments are reviewed below.
• 12-05-2008: Long-lived Immunity after Smallpox Vaccination It has long been held that smallpox vaccination confers 5 to 10 years of protection for recipients, who may then require a booster to maintain immunity.
• 02-14-2008: This Year's flu Season Marked by Vaccine Mismatch in the U.S. and Antiviral Resistance in Europe As the seasonal flu gets into full swing across the U.S., the CDC is reporting that this year’s flu epidemic is more severe than those of the last two years.
• 02-01-2008: Progress Toward the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine A vaccine development company, issued a press release announcing positive preliminary results from two studies of its universal influenza vaccine, ACAM-FLU-A™.
• 09-28-2007: HHS Award Multiple Contracts for Anthrax Countermeasures Elusys Therapeutics, Inc., issued a press release announcing the award of a $12 million contract from the HHS’ BARDA/NIAID for advanced development of Anthim™.
• 09-07-2007: New Smallpox Vaccine Licensed On September 1, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the approval of ACAM2000TM, a cell based smallpox vaccine.
• 05-30-2007: Passive Immunization with Human Monoclonal Antibodies in H5N1 Simmons et al. show that passive immunotherapy with neutralizing H5N1 human mAbs is effective in preventing and treating H5N1 infection in a murine model.
• 05-24-2007: OSHA Releases Pandemic Guidance for Healthcare Personnel This 104-page document provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the occupational health issues related to hospital pandemic preparedness.
• 03-27-2007: Contact Vaccinia Reuters reported that a 28 mo. old child developed eczema vaccinatum after contact with his father, a soldier who had been vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine.
• 03-01-2007: Dilution of Smallpox Vaccine, Revisited There are currently three types of smallpox vaccine available for use in the U.S. in the event of a bioterrorism attack.
• 02-21-2007: Seasonal Flu Vaccination May Offer Partial Immunity to H5N1 Matthew Sandbulte and colleagues report results of their study of cross protection between the N1 antigen in seasonal influenza vaccines and H5N1.
• 02-07-2007: CDC Releases Interim Planning Guidance for Mitigation of Pandemic Influenza On February 1, 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released its long-awaited disease containment strategy for pandemic influenza.
• 01-26-2007: Partial Anthrax Vaccination Stimulates Significant Antibody Response Report on their study of serum anti-protective antigen (PA) concentrations in marines who had been previously vaccinated with the FDA-licensed AVA.
• 10-04-2006: Might H5N1 Vaccine Cross Protection Allow for Pre -Pandemic Vaccine Stockpiling? There have been doubts as to whether our government’s strategy to stockpile vaccine in bulk in advance of a pandemic will be beneficial.
• 07-20-2006: New Anthrax Countermeasure to be Acquired by HHS HHS announced a plan to purchase 20K treatment courses of ABthrax™ at a price of $165 MM with delivery to the Strategic National Stockpile set to begin in 2009.
• 07-05-2006: Updated 2006 Influenza Vaccination Recommendations Released June 26, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued updated recommendations for use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral pharmaceuticals.
• 06-16-2006: Safety and Immunogenicity of the Second Generation Anthrax Vaccine Candidate Vaxgen, Inc. reported the results of a phase 1 clinical trial designed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of their recombinant anthrax vaccine candidate.
• 02-14-2006: Update on Strategies to Develop Pandemic Influenza Vaccines The recent epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza and associated human infections have prompted the US government to begin preparations for a pandemic.
• 12-07-2005: 500,000 Doses of Attenuated Smallpox Vaccine Delivered to U.S. Government The vaccine manufacturing company Acambis was awarded a contract by the NIAID to develop and manufacture a modified Vaccinia Ankara smallpox vaccine.
• 11-14-2005: Flu vaccine restrictions lifted Last year, following a widely reported shortage of flu vaccine, millions of doses were left unused as a result of confusion about priorities and eligibility.
• 08-16-2005: H5N1 Vaccine Trial Results Initial results from a clinical trial to study the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine designed to protect against avian influenza were reported last week.
• 08-02-2005: NVAC Priorities The NVAC and the ACIP held a joint meeting to make additional recommendations to the draft DHHS Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan.
• 04-26-2005: Anthrax Response; New Vaccines If a large scale aerosol attack with anthrax occurs over a large city, what would be the most effective response strategy?